Génération Catalytique de Superbases : Applications en catalyse homogène // Early Main Group Catalysis with Catalytically-Generated Superbases
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ABG-137996
ADUM-73661 |
Thesis topic | |
| 2026-04-09 | Public funding alone (i.e. government, region, European, international organization research grant) |
Sorbonne Université SIS (Sciences, Ingénierie, Santé)
Paris Cedex 05 - Ile-de-France - France
Génération Catalytique de Superbases : Applications en catalyse homogène // Early Main Group Catalysis with Catalytically-Generated Superbases
- Chemistry
Catalyse homogène, superbases, chimie organique, chimie organometallique
Homogeneous Catalysis, Superbases, Organic chemistry, Organometallic chemistry
Homogeneous Catalysis, Superbases, Organic chemistry, Organometallic chemistry
Topic description
La catalyse par les métaux du groupe principal (groupes 1 et 2 du bloc s) constitue une alternative prometteuse aux métaux nobles, tels que le palladium, et ce dans un grand nombre de transformations d'intérêt tant académique qu'industriel (couplages croisés ou hydrogénation et hydroamination d'alcènes). Cependant, le plein potentiel de ces approches fondées sur des éléments abondants, peu coûteux et non toxiques (comme le sodium ou le calcium) reste sévèrement limité par des contraintes pratiques. En effet, les espèces les plus actives en catalyse sont le plus souvent des composés organométalliques issus des métaux les plus lourds de ces groupes (Na-Cs, Ca-Ba), qui souffrent d'une grande instabilité et s'avèrent particulièrement complexes à synthétiser, à isoler et à manipuler.
Ce projet de recherche vise ainsi à explorer une stratégie de rupture dite de « probase ». L'objectif est de générer in situ, directement dans le milieu réactionnel et en quantité catalytique, des intermédiaires organométalliques hautement basiques à partir de précurseurs stables et facilement accessibles. En agissant comme des superbases générées de manière transitoire, ces espèces permettront d'activer des liaisons chimiques difficiles tout en s'affranchissant de la synthèse et de la manipulation préalable de réactifs organométalliques sensibles.
Dans ce cadre, le/la candidat(e) aura pour missions de :
- Concevoir et identifier des précurseurs de probases capables de générer des intermédiaires réactifs du bloc s dans des conditions catalytiques.
- Développer de nouvelles réactions de catalyse ciblant l'activation de liaisons C-H non activées et de liaisons C-X (où X est un halogène).
- Mener des études cinétiques et mécanistiques afin de comparer ces nouveaux systèmes aux méthodes de catalyse existantes.
- Évaluer les possibilités d'application de ce concept novateur au domaine de la polymérisation anionique.
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The turn of the 21st century has witnessed a surge of interest in early main group catalysis, a subfield of homogeneous catalysis that aims at using reagents derived from group 1 (Li–Cs) & 2 (Mg–Ba) metals as sustainable catalytic alternatives to noble metal catalysts.[1] Rather than relying on metal-centered redox chemistry, these systems typically benefit from strong Brønsted basicity and nucleophilicity that help driving various useful organic transformations, such as hydroelementation and cross-couplings reactions (e.g., reactions A & B in Figure 1 in the PDF file).[2] While these reactions generally follow a well-defined Brønsted base catalytic cycle (Figure 1, right), expanding their scope remains a significant challenge due to energetic limitations. Typically, sustaining catalytic turnover indeed requires precise pKa matching of the catalyst (R–M), the pronucleophile (E–H) and the electrophilic partner (C=X).
Beyond these thermodynamic constraints, the untapped potential of heavier metals presents another major hurdle. Current state-of-the-art indicates that heavier s-block metals (Na–Cs and Ca–Ba, purple box in Figure 1) yield significantly higher catalytic activity and faster kinetics than their lighter counterparts (Li or Mg). However, they remain critically underexplored during reaction development because the corresponding organometallic reagents are not only difficult to prepare and handle but also display lower stability and poor solubility in common organic solvents.
PhD objectives
This PhD project aims to explore a novel strategy for early main group catalysis based on the catalytic generation of highly basic organometallic intermediates (“probase strategy”). In this concept, stable and readily available precursors are transformed in situ into highly reactive s-block species directly within the reaction medium. These transient intermediates can effectively behave as catalytically generated superbases, enabling the activation of otherwise challenging chemical bonds. By avoiding the need to prepare, isolate, or handle sensitive organometallic reagents beforehand, this strategy may unlock new opportunities for reactivity, catalytic activity, and selectivity.
Building on our group's recent expertise in the use of probases in the context of silylation chemistry,[3] the PhD candidate will investigate the generality and synthetic potential of this concept through: (i) the identification and design of suitable probase precursors capable of generating highly basic s-block intermediates under catalytic conditions; (ii) the development of catalytic reactions involving the activation of strong C–H bonds and C–X bonds (X = halogen) and (iii) the kinetic and mechanistic benchmarking of these systems against existing catalytic methodologies based on s-block metals. Finally, potential application of this conceptual framework in anionic polymerization will also be evaluated.
Situated at the crossroads of organic, organometallic and main group chemistry, this fully funded, multidisciplinary experimental work will equip the candidate with advanced synthetic expertise, including air-sensitive synthesis, catalytic reaction development, mechanistic analysis and kinetic studies, as well as modern spectroscopic and analytical techniques.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Début de la thèse : 01/10/2026
Ce projet de recherche vise ainsi à explorer une stratégie de rupture dite de « probase ». L'objectif est de générer in situ, directement dans le milieu réactionnel et en quantité catalytique, des intermédiaires organométalliques hautement basiques à partir de précurseurs stables et facilement accessibles. En agissant comme des superbases générées de manière transitoire, ces espèces permettront d'activer des liaisons chimiques difficiles tout en s'affranchissant de la synthèse et de la manipulation préalable de réactifs organométalliques sensibles.
Dans ce cadre, le/la candidat(e) aura pour missions de :
- Concevoir et identifier des précurseurs de probases capables de générer des intermédiaires réactifs du bloc s dans des conditions catalytiques.
- Développer de nouvelles réactions de catalyse ciblant l'activation de liaisons C-H non activées et de liaisons C-X (où X est un halogène).
- Mener des études cinétiques et mécanistiques afin de comparer ces nouveaux systèmes aux méthodes de catalyse existantes.
- Évaluer les possibilités d'application de ce concept novateur au domaine de la polymérisation anionique.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The turn of the 21st century has witnessed a surge of interest in early main group catalysis, a subfield of homogeneous catalysis that aims at using reagents derived from group 1 (Li–Cs) & 2 (Mg–Ba) metals as sustainable catalytic alternatives to noble metal catalysts.[1] Rather than relying on metal-centered redox chemistry, these systems typically benefit from strong Brønsted basicity and nucleophilicity that help driving various useful organic transformations, such as hydroelementation and cross-couplings reactions (e.g., reactions A & B in Figure 1 in the PDF file).[2] While these reactions generally follow a well-defined Brønsted base catalytic cycle (Figure 1, right), expanding their scope remains a significant challenge due to energetic limitations. Typically, sustaining catalytic turnover indeed requires precise pKa matching of the catalyst (R–M), the pronucleophile (E–H) and the electrophilic partner (C=X).
Beyond these thermodynamic constraints, the untapped potential of heavier metals presents another major hurdle. Current state-of-the-art indicates that heavier s-block metals (Na–Cs and Ca–Ba, purple box in Figure 1) yield significantly higher catalytic activity and faster kinetics than their lighter counterparts (Li or Mg). However, they remain critically underexplored during reaction development because the corresponding organometallic reagents are not only difficult to prepare and handle but also display lower stability and poor solubility in common organic solvents.
PhD objectives
This PhD project aims to explore a novel strategy for early main group catalysis based on the catalytic generation of highly basic organometallic intermediates (“probase strategy”). In this concept, stable and readily available precursors are transformed in situ into highly reactive s-block species directly within the reaction medium. These transient intermediates can effectively behave as catalytically generated superbases, enabling the activation of otherwise challenging chemical bonds. By avoiding the need to prepare, isolate, or handle sensitive organometallic reagents beforehand, this strategy may unlock new opportunities for reactivity, catalytic activity, and selectivity.
Building on our group's recent expertise in the use of probases in the context of silylation chemistry,[3] the PhD candidate will investigate the generality and synthetic potential of this concept through: (i) the identification and design of suitable probase precursors capable of generating highly basic s-block intermediates under catalytic conditions; (ii) the development of catalytic reactions involving the activation of strong C–H bonds and C–X bonds (X = halogen) and (iii) the kinetic and mechanistic benchmarking of these systems against existing catalytic methodologies based on s-block metals. Finally, potential application of this conceptual framework in anionic polymerization will also be evaluated.
Situated at the crossroads of organic, organometallic and main group chemistry, this fully funded, multidisciplinary experimental work will equip the candidate with advanced synthetic expertise, including air-sensitive synthesis, catalytic reaction development, mechanistic analysis and kinetic studies, as well as modern spectroscopic and analytical techniques.
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Début de la thèse : 01/10/2026
Funding category
Public funding alone (i.e. government, region, European, international organization research grant)
Funding further details
Concours pour un contrat doctoral
Presentation of host institution and host laboratory
Sorbonne Université SIS (Sciences, Ingénierie, Santé)
Institution awarding doctoral degree
Sorbonne Université SIS (Sciences, Ingénierie, Santé)
Graduate school
406 Chimie Moléculaire de Paris-Centre
Candidate's profile
Titulaire d'un Master 2 (ou équivalent) en chimie, avec une spécialisation en chimie organique, organométallique ou catalyse homogène.
Une expérience pratique (stage) en synthèse organique et/ou organométallique est souhaitée.
La maîtrise des techniques de synthèse sous atmosphère inerte (lignes de Schlenk, boîte à gants) constituera un atout.
Maître professionnelle de l'anglais et/ou du français.
Master's degree (or equivalent) in chemistry, with a specialization in organic chemistry, organometallic chemistry, or homogeneous catalysis. Prior research experience in organic or organometallic chemistry is desired. Proficiency in synthesis techniques under inert atmosphere (Schlenk lines, glovebox) will be considered an asset. Professional proficiency in French and/or English.
Master's degree (or equivalent) in chemistry, with a specialization in organic chemistry, organometallic chemistry, or homogeneous catalysis. Prior research experience in organic or organometallic chemistry is desired. Proficiency in synthesis techniques under inert atmosphere (Schlenk lines, glovebox) will be considered an asset. Professional proficiency in French and/or English.
2026-05-07
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